Incomplete draft: do not cite!

This chapter presents the philosophical background of the logic, mathematics, and language theory used in the book.  You can safely ignore it.  It's provided here partly because I'm a nerd, and partly because it helps motivate why, for example, words like extension are used in logic and set theory and why those concepts matter.

Most of this background comes from 19th and early 20th century analytic philosophy and philosophy of mind.